Sometimes.…  Not all ceilings are balloon friendly.  For instance, everyone loves the look of balloons on the ceiling. Right?  Heat travels up, static electricity and light bulbs can also cause latex to pop.  Watch out for the ceiling fans too.
While on the topic of balloons on the ceiling, if you have a cathedral ceiling, helium balloons will naturally travel to the highest point.
Latex balloons outside can sometimes be tricky.  If it is hot, balloons can oxidize which means latex balloons will become more opaque and their color can change (not necessarily a bad thing). Heat can cause balloons to pop.  If it’s raining or misty, helium balloons will not float.  However, if your design can be done on a structure the rain should not affect the balloons.
Microfoil (mylar) balloons can react to heat and cold as well. If Microfoils are left inside a hot car they will certainly pop. Outside in the heat popping can happen too.
Have you noticed sometimes when you bring your micofoil balloon inside to a cool environment it may look wrinkly as if its loosing air. Give it a little time and it will fill out and be just fine.